During the third week of May 1942, U.S. naval intelligence units confirmed that the Japanese wouldby early Juneinvade Midway Island. On October 16, 1946, the former Secretary of War, Robert P. Patterson, presented the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Admiral Spruance, with citation as follows: Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, U.S. Navy, as Task Force Commander during the capture of the Marshall and Marianas Islands, rendered exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services from January to June 1944. help him spread the Gospel?Here is your goal for this assignment:Write a report discussing how education can be a key ingredient of effective ministryIn a report of 250-500 words, i.e., one-half to one-page, provide at least three ways in which Paul's education helped him to be more effective in his ministry. At Midway, Spruance's force inflicted on the Imperial Japanese Navy its worst setback in 350 years. That same month, he directed Operation Hailstone which saw American carrier aircraft repeatedly strike the Japanese base at Truk. Since US intelligence had reported the possibility that the Kido Butai would be operating in two separate task forces, that meant that Fletcher only knew the location of half of the carrier force. On April 28, the last day of the invasion, Spruances command was redesignated as the Fifth Fleet. Raymond Spruance was born in Baltimore on July 3, 1886, the son of Alexander and Annie Spruance. Carrier units of his force penetrated waters of the Japanese homeland and Nansei Shoto. His chance would come. D. Suburban America, 100 POINTS! Lieutenant Commander Maxwell Leslies VB-3 from Yorktown attacked the carrier Soryu. In the opening weeks of the conflict, Spruance's cruisers served under Vice Admiral William "Bull" Halsey and took part in raids against the Gilbert and Marshall Islands before striking Wake Island. At the crucial Battle of Midway your daring and skilled leadership routed the enemy in the full tide of his advance and established the pattern of air-sea warfare which was to lead to his eventual capitulation[24]. After working to defend neutral American shipping from German U-boats, Spruance received orders to take over Cruiser Division Five in September 1941. Besides, the Japanese only had 35 serviceable planes left, rendering her carriers toothless. Summing up his appraisal of this outstanding sailor, Morison noted: Spruance in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, overriding Mitscher the carrier expert in letting the enemy planes come at him instead of going in search of them, won the second most decisive battle of the Pacific war. "Well, pick it up and put it back," was Spruance's measured response.[8]. His seagoing career was extensive, including command of five destroyers and the battleship Mississippi. He died on 13 December 1969 at the age of 83. This saw Allied forces move against Okinawa in the Ryukyu Islands. The two admirals presented a contrast in styles as Spruance tended to be quiet and meticulous while Halsey was brash and more impetuous. [citation needed]. [7], He commanded the Percival during the sea trials off the California coast and during the patrol cruises with the Destroyer Force, Pacific Fleet until May 1922, when he was ordered to Washington, D.C., for duty in the Bureau of Engineering under Rear Admiral John K. Robison. He was in this post on June 4, 1942, when the Japanese navy attacked Midway Island in force. Two years later, Spruance again received orders for the Naval War College and taught on the staff until April 1938. At Midway, dive bombers from the Enterprise crippled sank four larger carriers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Spruance's rise to fame . This was said to be the first time that a four-star admiral took part in a sea action aboard one of the ships engaged. President Harry S. Truman appointed him ambassador to the Philippines in January 1952, and he served until March 1955. On June 19, however, hundreds of planes from nine Japanese aircraft carriers attacked the Fifth Fleet. With it he intended to significantly expand the Imperial Japanese Navy's outer defense perimeter across the central Pacific; and, he believed, this very powerful stroke against Midway would so severely threaten Hawaii and Pearl Harbor that the U.S. government would be induced to sue for peace. He readied himself at Stevens Preparatory School in Hoboken, N.J., and entered Annapolis in July 1903 at age 17. In July 1907 he transferred to the battleship Minnesota and was aboard her during the historic around the world cruise of the Great White Fleet from 1907 to 1909. Admiral William L. Calhoun saw him as a cold-blooded fighting fool. They met practically no opposition because most of the Zeros were still close to the water, not having had time to climb and counterattack. transmitted as a message) to Rear Admirals Frank Jack Fletcher and Raymond Spruance on the eve of the battle of Midway To quote a U S Navy website, "Nimitz clearly . Recently promoted to rear admiral, Spruance was assigned to command a division of cruisers in the Pacific under Admiral Nimitz in 1941. Aboard the Japanese flattops, many torpedo-carrying planes were waiting for fighters to take off as the American planes dived. After six furious minutes, the three carriers were left burning. 2015. It was hit and shortly after destroyed by American dive bombers. In August 1943, Spruance, now a vice admiral, returned to sea as Commander Central Pacific Force. In May 1914, Spruance received a posting as Assistant to the Inspector of Machinery at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company. United States Rear Admiral in command of Task Force 17 on the USS Yorktown. Spruance's achievements were acknowledged by the unique distinction of a special act of Congress awarding him Admiral's full pay for life. How can these and the knowledge they provide be used to spread His Word? Although he broke the back of the Japanese naval air force by sinking three carriers, two oilers and destroying about 600 enemy airplanes (so many that the remaining Japanese carriers were used solely as decoys in the Battle of Leyte Gulf a few months later due to the lack of aircraft and aircrews to fly them) Spruance has been criticized for not being aggressive enough in exploiting his success in the Philippine Sea. Analyzing Information How does Admiral Spruance explain the U.S. victory The U.S. Navy counterforce sank all four Japanese carriers while losing one of its own, Yorktown. However, his actions were both praised and understood by the main persons ordering and directly involved in the battle. The gloomy reports from Nagumo and his other commanders led Yamamoto to suspend his assault on Midway. Pratt, F. "Spruance: Picture of the Admiral," Harpers Magazine 193, no. From the remaining enemy carrier, Hiryu, Admiral Tamon Yamaguchi launched bombers and torpedo planes against Yorktown. In the first months of World War II in the Pacific, Spruance commanded the four heavy cruisers and support ships of Cruiser Division Five from his flagship, the heavy cruiser USSNorthampton. Though Spruance had not led a carrier force in the past, Nimitz agreed as the rear admiral would be aided by Halsey's staff, including the gifted Captain Miles Browning. Morisons text refers to Spruance, victor at Midway. Overseeing the Battle of Tarawa in November 1943, he guided Allied forces as they advanced through the Gilbert Islands. However, Spruances fleet was also charged with guarding the amphibious landings at Saipan and Tinian. As Allied forces battled on the island, Spruance's ships defeated Operation Ten-Go on April 7 which saw the Japanese battleship Yamato attempt to break through to the island. United States Admiral in command of naval units on the Pacific Theatre in 1942. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. He remained in the position only briefly as he accepted a posting as President of the Naval War College on February 1, 1946. Answer: Admiral Yamamoto had hoped to fight a classic-style sea battle with battleships, but Spruance had proved that the aircraft carrier was now emerging as the capital ship of naval combat forces. Captain George C. Dyer of the light cruiser Astoria, who served under both Spruance and Halsey, summed up the view of many ship captains: My feeling was one of confidence when Spruance was there. Although some historians and many newsmen have written many words about Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, U.S. Navy and his brilliant career in the Pacific in World War II, the complete story of this reserved and self-effacing man . An academic building at the Naval War College was also named for him. Three bombs hammered her. Admiral Spruance died on 13 December 1969, at his home in Pebble Beach , California. Michio Kobayashi On November 24, Spruance relieved Nimitz as Commander, US Pacific Fleet. The setback in the Japanese timetable to encircle the Pacific gave the U.S. industrial machine time to crank up war production, and ultimately, to turn the advantage on Japan in the production of ships, planes, guns, and all the other matriel of war. On April 1, Spruance began the Battle of Okinawa. The recipient of the letter below was his longtime friend and former chief-of-staff Captain Charles "Carl" J. Moore. Raymond Ames Spruance (July 3, 1886 December 13, 1969) was a United States Navy admiral during World War II. Historian Morison later described Spruances performance at Midway as superb. When she went to sea in 1916, he went with her. He disliked personal publicity and had a reputation for freezing reporters who invaded his privacy. Then U.S. dive bombers from Spruance's Enterprise flew to Nagumo's fleet of four carriers which, fatefully, were without air cover. The fourth was a choice between Halsey and Spruance, and after much deliberation, eventually Halsey was appointed in December 1945. Naval Academy in 1906 and from the Naval War College in 1927 where he taught for a few years. United States airbase targeted by the Japanese in preparation to invade Hawaii. >On March 29, 1944, Admiral Spruance took tactical command of a three-pronged assault against the Palau Islands, 550 miles east of the Philippines, and against Yap Island and Ulithi Atoll in the western Carolines. Japanese escort carrier that was mainly responsible for launching scouts attached to Combined Fleet main body. Launched the planes that were responsible for the sinking of nearly all 4 Japanese Carriers at Midway. His squadron successfully ambushed and sank 3 Japanese Aircraft Carriers, Lieutenant in command of the USS Hornet air group. [32] Wouk writes in his book that "Spruance escaped [the Japanese fleet admiral] Yamamoto's terrible trap by acting on perfect military instinct. Spruance was detached from command of the Fifth Fleet on November 8, 1945, and he relieved Fleet Admiral Nimitz as commander in chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean areas. 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